氨基甲酸酯类化合物的合成进展

Progress in Syntheses of Carbamates

作为一类重要的精细化学品,氨基甲酸酯类化合物在农药、医药及有机合成等领域有着广泛的应用。本文介绍了氨基甲酸酯类化合物的主要合成方法,重点阐述了光气及其衍生物法、羰基化法、二氧化碳法、脲类化合物醇解法、霍夫曼重排法等一系列合成途径,并对各合成方法进行了分析评价。指出硒催化硝基化合物及胺等含氮化合物与醇在一氧化碳存在下经羰基化反应来合成氨基甲酸酯类化合物的方法具有较好的发展前景。

Carbamates,as a type of important fine chemicals,have been widely applied in agricultural chemicals,medicine and organic synthesis. In this paper,the main synthetic approaches to carbamates including phosgene and its derivatives methods, carbonylation method, carbon dioxide method, alcoholysis of urea and Hofmann rearrangement method were reviewed and evaluated. It was pointed out that selenium-catalyzed carbonylation of nitrogen-containing compounds such as nitro compounds or amines with alcohols in the presence of carbon monoxide to carbamates will be a promising method.