初中生的科学家形象刻板印象及科技场馆学习经历对其的影响

The Influence of Middle School Students' Images of Scientists and Science Museum Learning Experience

学生对科学家形象的认知反映了学生的内隐科学观,因此树立正确的科学家形象,有助于学生形成正确的科学态度,同时也会影响他们未来的职业选择。本研究选取北京某中学初一年级两个平行班,采用科学家形象绘画测验(Draw-a-ScientistTest)和相关调查问卷,评定了学生心目中的科学家形象,同时考察了学生了解科学家形象的渠道,最终检验了作为了解渠道之一的科技场馆学习经历对学生心目中科学家形象改变的影响。结果表明:初中学生所持有的科学家形象在外貌、性别、人格特征上存在着刻板印象;电视、网络和书籍杂志是初中生获取科学家形象的主要渠道;科技场馆学习经历能显著改变初中学生所持有的科学家形象刻板印象,同时也让初中学生未来选择与科学技术相关的职业更加清晰化和具体化。

Students' images of scientists reflect their implicit belief of science,so building positive images of scientists can help students form positive scientific attitudes and influence students' career options.This research used draw-a-scientist-test(DAST) and some related opening questions to explore middle school students' images of scientists and science museum learning experience' influence on their image changing.We chose two 7th Grade classes in a key school in Beijing,one as the experiment group,the other as the control group.The results showed that 7th Grade students had stereotypical images of scientists in appearance,genders and characteristics;TV,websites,books and magazines were the main channels for 7th Grade students to get the image of scientists;science museum learning experience significantly changed the students' image of scientists and made their future career options clearer and more specific.