高地应力真三维加载模型试验系统的研制及其应用

Development and application of high-geostress true 3D loading geomechanics model test system

为模拟深部岩体在高地应力条件下的非线性变形破坏特征,研制出一种高地应力真三维加载地质力学模型试验系统,该系统主要由高压加载系统、智能液压控制系统和反力装置系统组成。高压加载系统用于给试验模型施加三维高地应力荷载,主要包括加载板和大吨位液压千斤顶。为解决相邻加载板因三维加载引起模型体压缩而出现的相互妨碍,即"打架"现象,在试验模型体外设置了中空的正方体导向框。通过前后加载板上设置的导洞盘保证了模型洞室在轴向地应力状态下进行开挖,解决了地下洞室试验模型轴向加载开挖的难题。智能液压控制系统用于试验模型的自动加载与稳压,主要包括试验控制台和智能控制传感器。反力装置系统用于给试验模型提供加载反力,主要包括模型反力架、法兰盘和反力传递板。通过工程应用,有效模拟出深部巷道围岩分区破裂–的非线性变形破坏现象。

In order to simulate the non-linear deformation failure properties of deep rockmass under high geostress,a true 3D loading geomechanics model test system is developed.This system is composed of a high-pressure loading system,an intelligent hydraulic controlling system and a counter-force apparatus system.The high-pressure loading system consisting of loading plates and the large-tonnage jacks is used to apply 3D high geostress for the test model.To solve the phenomenon that the adjoining loading plates disturb each other when the model is pressured,a hollow cube guiding frame is developed and set outside the test model.Through the guide installation fixed on the loading plate,the model opening can be excavated easily under axial loading,which solves the problem which the model opening cannot be excavated under axial loading.The intelligent hydraulic controlling system consisting of test control board and intelligent control sensors is used to exert load automatically and keep model pressure stable.The counter-force apparatus system which provides the counter force for the model is consists of model counter-force rack,flange plates and counter-force transferring plates.The non-linear deformation failure phenomenon of zonal disintegration in deep tunnels is effectively simulated through engineering application of the model system.