小麦品种混种对条锈病控制效果及产量影响的研究

Study on the control effect and wheat yield of cultivar mixtures to wheat stripe rust

通过对不同小麦品种按不同比例混种,研究品种多样性控制小麦条锈病的田间效果,以期为利用品种多样性防治小麦条锈病提供理论依据。本研究利用甘肃省甘谷县和北京市上庄镇当地对条锈病具不同抗性的小麦品种,按照不同混种比例布局了25个混种处理和7个单种处理,比较了品种混种对条锈病的控制效果和对小麦产量的影响,以相对抗病性指数(RRI)把品种抗性加以分类,并以相对混种效果参数(REM)比较各混种处理的效果。结果表明,不同小麦品种混种对小麦条锈病有较好的控制效果,混种处理相对于感病品种单种病情指数平均下降30.5;混种对小麦的增产效果比较明显。在25个小麦品种混种处理中,有14个处理有增产效果(REM>1),占56%,在甘谷试验地抗病(R)品种和高感(HS)品种按质量比5∶1混种时相对感病品种单种处理抗病增产效果最好,而在上庄试验地,高抗(HR)、中感(MS)和感病(S)按质量比1∶1∶1混种时相对感病品种单种处理抗病增产效果最好。品种混种作为综合治理小麦条锈病的措施之一,具有一定的推广应用价值。

Seven wheat cultivars,with different resistances to wheat stripe rust in Gangu station of Gansu and Shangzhuang station of Beijng,were used to study the effects of cultivar mixtures on wheat stripe rust and yield.The experiment was performed with seven mono-cultivar plots and 25 mixed-cultivar plots which has different cultivar combinations.The resistance of cultivar was classified based on Relative Resistance Index（RRI）,and the parameter Relative Effectiveness of Mixture（REM）was adopted to analyze the control and yield effects.The results indicated that compared to mono-susceptible-cultivar plot,mixed-susceptible-cultivar plots had strong control effect on wheat stripe rust,the disease index dropped significantly within a range from 6.0 to 88.6,averaging 30.5.The improvement effects of cultivar mixtures on wheat yield was also obvious,14 out of 25 mixed treatments had improved yield（REM1）,accounting for 56%.In Gangu station the control effect is the best when resistant（R） and high sensitive（HS） cultivars were mixed in 5∶1 ratios,but in Shangzhuang station the control effect is the best when high resistant（HR）,middle resistant（MR）and susceptible（S） cultivars were mixed in 1∶1∶1 ratios.Therefore,cultivar mixtures had certain control effect on wheat stripe rust and improvement effects of wheat yield is dependent on cultivar origin and their portions in the mixture.As one of the comprehensive measures,cultivar-mixture has application significance in wheat production.