新的污染物环境危害评价指标——超标强度

Superstandard Intensity—A New Index for Evaluating Harm Degree of Environment Pollutants

污染物的危害程度不仅与超标率和超标倍数有关,而且与污染物超标持续时间有关。同样高的污染物浓度,如果其持续时间长短不同,其对环境的生态效应是不同的。为此,在充分分析超标率、超标倍数所存在缺陷的基础上,通过实例分析对比,以直观图解的方式提出了一套新的污染物环境危害评价指标体系——超标强度指标体系。超标强度指标体系中涉及的主要概念和指标有标准面积、超标面积、超标持续时间、超标强度和综合超标强度。在阐述了各指标的概念含义和计算方法后,以同一组监测数据为例,用超标率和超标倍数与超标强度指标进行了对比评价。结果表明,用超标强度及其指标体系可以科学、准确区分和评判超标率、超标倍数指标体系所不能区分和评判的真实存在的客观事实,而且非常精确地给出了污染物超标持续时间。超标强度指标所涵盖的内容比超标率和超标倍数更丰富,评价的结果更准确,所反映的生态环境质量状况更客观准确、科学真实。超标持续时间表明了污染物超标状态的持续时间。

The harmful levels of pollutants relate to not only the pollutant superstandard rate and superstandard multiples,but also the duration of the pollutants over standard.As a result of the different durations,pollutants which are at the same high concentration have different ecological affects on the environment.Avoiding the defects of the superstandard rate and superstandard multiples,the superstandard intensity—a nefw index system for evaluating the harm degree of environment pollutants — is raised with an intuitive graphic method.Key conceptions and indicators in the index system consist of standard area,superstandard area,duration of the pollutants over standard,superstandard intensity and comprehensive superstandard intensity et al.A set of monitoring data is comparatively evaulated with the different indexes,such as the superstandard rate,superstandard multiples and superstandard intensity.The results show that the new index system scientifically evaluate and accurately differentiate water quality and ecological conditions which the prevailing superstandard rate and superstandard multiples sometimes can not.The new index system also indicate the duration of the pollutants over standard accurately and cover more status information than the prevailing ones.