北京市某区餐厅室内空气细颗粒物浓度水平现况研究

Cross-sectional study on the densities of fine particles(PM_(2.5))in the restaurants of Beijing

目的了解餐厅室内空气细颗粒物(PM2.5)的污染现状,揭示各影响因素的作用,为卫生标准及政策法规的制定提供科学依据。方法采用分层抽样方法选择北京市某区42家餐厅,使用AM-510智能防爆粉尘仪进行餐厅室内外细颗粒物浓度的检测,同时记录餐厅内人员数量、吸烟者数量等情况,比较不同类别餐厅、室内外细颗粒物浓度的差异,分析影响因素与室内细颗粒物浓度的关系。结果 42家餐厅室内、外PM2.5平均浓度分别为194μg/m3、76μg/m3,室内比室外高155.26%;有吸烟的餐厅室内PM2.5平均浓度高于室外206μg/m3(228.89%)且差异有统计学意义,无吸烟的餐厅室内与室外水平基本相当;中式正餐厅吸烟比例、PM2.5浓度水平高于中式快餐厅和西式快餐厅且差异有统计学意义,而中式快餐厅和西式快餐厅室内外PM2.5浓度水平相当;大、中、小型餐厅吸烟比例、PM2.5浓度水平差异无统计学意义;餐饮业量化分级管理的A、B、C级餐厅吸烟比例、PM2.5浓度水平差异亦无统计学意义;经Spearman非参数相关分析,室内与室外PM2.5浓度存在正相关且有统计学意义,室内无吸烟的餐厅该相关关系更为紧密,而有吸烟的餐厅室内与室外PM2.5浓度无相关关系,以无吸烟餐厅的PM2.5浓度为应变量(y),其室外PM2.5浓度为自变量(x)进行一元线性回归分析,回归方程为y(μg/m3)=0.828x+9.456(R2=0.862,F=100.327,P<0.001);餐厅室内PM2.5浓度与吸烟支数密度存在正相关关系(r=0.814,P<0.001)。结论餐厅内细颗粒物污染严重;吸烟和室外空气PM2.5浓度是影响餐厅室内PM2.5浓度的主要因素。

Objective To investigate the indoor air pollution of fine particles（PM2.5） and associated factors in the restaurants of Beijing.Methods A stratified sampling method was taken to select 42 restaurants in the one of Beijing districts.AM-510 artificial intelligence anti-explosion dust detectors were used to test for the densities of fine particles in the air inside and outside of restaurants.The numbers of smoking customers were recorded for the restaurants simultaneously.Linear regression model was applied to evaluate associated factors for air contamination of fine particles.Results The average densities of indoor and outdoor fine particles（PM2.5） were 194μg/m3 and 76μg/m3 in the 42 restaurants.The average density of indoor air PM2.5（206μg/m3） was significantly higher than that of outdoor PM2.5（P〈0.05）.The proportion of smoking customers and the density of indoor fine particles（PM2.5） were significantly higher in Chinese style restaurants than those in fast-food and western style restaurants.The proportions of smoking customers and the densities of indoor fine particles（PM2.5） were significantly different among different sizes and quality levels of restaurants（P〈0.05）.The densities of indoor fine particles（PM2.5） were positively correlated with densities of outdoor fine particles（PM2.5） and proportions of smoking customers（numbers of cigarettes,r=0.814,P〈0.001） by Spearman non-parameter correlation analysis.A one variable linear regression equation has been set up as y（μg/m3）=0.828x＋9.456（R2=0.862,F=100.327,P〈0.001） to calculate the densities of out door PM2.5（Y） with the densities of indoor PM2.5.（X）.Conclusion The indoor fine particle air pollution is very serious in the restaurants of Beijing.Smoking customers and the outdoor densities of fine particles（PM2.5） are the main associated factors.