广西壮族自治区2005-2009年麻疹流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Guangxi,2005-2009

目的了解广西近年麻疹流行情况,为2012年前消除麻疹制定有效的措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,分析广西2005-2009年麻疹监测资料。数据采用Excel 2007软件,率的比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05差异有统计学意义。结果 2005-2009年广西平均麻疹发病率为1.96/10万(2005年3.45/10万、2009年0.23/10万)。历年的发病高峰主要出现在上半年,分别在每年的2月上旬至5月中旬之间。2005-2008年间每年全自治区77.98%的县(市、区)有病例报告,2009年则为40.37%,发病率大于5/10万的地区主要为市辖区和山区两种类型的县区。病例男女之比为1∶0.67;发病以低年龄组为主,2005-2009年1~14岁儿童麻疹发病数占总病例数82.30%,其中8月龄至7岁儿童的比例为54.96%。流动人口的病例占总病例数比例较高,为24.78%。麻疹病例的疫苗免疫1剂次为19.6%,2剂次以上占5.3%,未免疫者占41.5%,免疫史不详占33.6%,其中8~11月龄婴儿病例未免疫者2006年以来每年均在71.4%以上;1~3岁儿童病例未免疫者平均为43.2%。结论广西2005-2009年间麻疹发病率呈下降趋势,病例主要见于城郊结合部和山区,发病仍以低年龄儿童为主,同时流动人口的病例占比较大的比重,提示城郊结合部和山区是广西控制麻疹的重点地区,应加强对该地区免疫规划目标人群的麻疹疫苗接种,进一步提高8月龄儿童初始免疫的及时性和接种率以及2剂次MV常规免疫接种率。同时,加强流动儿童中目标人群的免疫规划管理,切实提高接种率。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Guangxi during 2005-2009 with an aim to provide evidences for making effective measures of eliminating measles before 2012.Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles surveillance from 2005 to 2009.Results The average incidence of measles was 1.96/lakh（3.45/lakh in 2005 and 0.23/lakh in 2009） in Guangxi during 2005-2009.The annual peak of incidences occurred between February and May.The counties of suburb and mountain reported measles incidence higher than 5/lakh.The ratio of male to female measles case was 1： 0.67.The children aged 1~14 years and 8 months^7 years had 82.30% and 54.96% of measles cases respectively.Immigrant population had significantly higher proportion of cases than that of permanent residents.A proportion of 41.5% and 33.6% measles cases reported no and unknown history of measles vaccination,respectively.19.6% and 5.3% of the cases had the first and second shot of measles vaccination,respectively.Conclusion The measles cases were associated with suburb and mountain areas,young age,no or unknown history of measles vaccination in Guangxi.It is essential to increase the coverage of measles vaccination,especially young children in suburb and mountain areas.