论席勒戏剧“古为今用”的美育实践

Schiller's Drama and Its Aesthetic Practice of "Making the Past Serve the Present"

席勒的美育思想,既是对"艺术创造"与人的发展关系的深刻理解,也是从政治和哲学上对传统与现代社会进行的一番重新认知。他有意从人类历史的广博资源中寻找艺术再加工的素材,挖掘可能激活今人改造社会之热情的人类普遍天性。席勒的一系列杰出历史剧有意在"古希腊人"的典范指引下塑造人性自然完整的"常人",而且在不同的"失败英雄"之悲剧中深描社会力量的常态分布和政治势力的日常运作。当他用激情引发的智慧之光照进挤满观众的剧院时,他也通过剧院这个"公共渠道",让"美育"高尚人格的柔和光线照彻了整个国家。从经历时间之严苛考验的角度看,席勒"古为今用"的众多戏剧如同莎士比亚的诸多杰作,实现了通古博今、跨越时空的艺术理想之境。

Schiller＇s aesthetic education is a deep understanding of the relationship between ＂artistic creation＂ and human development. It is also the re-recognition of traditional and modern society from politics and philosophy. He intended to find ma- terials of art processing from the vast resources of human history, digging out the universal human nature which may activate today＇s human passion to transform the society. Schiller＇s outstanding series of historical drama intend to shape ＂ordinary people＂ with complete human nature under the guidance of ＂the ancient Greeks＂. He also described the normal distribution of social forces and daily operation of political forces in different ＂failed hero＂ tragedies. When the light of wisdom caused by his passion shined into the theater packed with audience, he also made the soft light of ＂aesthetic＂ shine through the entire country through the theater of the ＂public channel＂. From the perspective of stringent tests, Schiller＇s ＂making the past serve the present＂ dramas which are like many of Shakespeare＇s theatrical masterpieces, realized the ideal art state which can transcend time and space, as well as the ancient and the present.