腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查取石术探讨

A combination of laparoscopy and choledochoscopy in the management of choledocholithiasis

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合胆道镜胴总管探查治疗胆总管结石的手术方法及临床应用价值.方法 回顾性总结2006-2009年42例腹腔镜胆总管探查术的临床资料. 结果按照手术适应证,合理选择探查途径,改进胆总管切开缝合技术和胆总管取石技术.采用胆总管逐步电凝切开,分步缝合,纤维胆道镜鳄嘴钳逐步咬碎和吸引器套软管冲洗等方法.42例手术均获成功,无中转开腹,无术后出血和手术死亡.手术时间（120±30）min,手术失血（30±10）ml.41例取出胆总管结石,结石最多16枚,结石直径＞15 mm 18例,最大直径30 mm,术后轻度胆漏1例,结石残留3例,其中1例合并有肝内结石.42例中38例胆总管探查,35例T管引流,3例Ⅰ期缝合,4例经胆囊管探查,其中3例Ⅰ期胆囊管结扎,1例置管引流.42例均无胆道感染和胆道狭窄发生.结论 腹腔镜联合胆道镜胴总管探查治疗胆总管结石手术安全有效.通过合理选择探查途径,明显提高临床疗效.

Objective To evaluate the clinical applications and surgical methods of combined laparoscopic common bile duct （CBD） exploration with choledochoscopy. Methods From 2006 to 2009,clinical data of 42 patients with choledocholithiasis undergoing laparoscopic common bile duct exploration were retrospectively analyzed. We applied a step-by-step electric coagulating incision technique on the CBD,the step-by-step suturing technique, and the step-by-step clamping technique with alligator forceps, and soft tube irrigating technique with suctioning by selecting the proper exploration route, improving the common bile duct incision technique and calculus removing techniques. Results Procedures were successful in all the cases. There was no conversions to open surgery, no postoperative bleeding and no operative mortality. The mean operating time was 120 minutes （ranging, 90 to 150 minutes） with minimal intraoperative blood loss （ ranging, 20 to 40 ml）. Ductal stone clearance was successful in 41 out of 42 patients （ 93% ）. The largest number of the common bile duct stones was 16. With the diameter of stones larger than 15 mm in 18 cases in which the biggest was 30 mm. Bile leak developed in 1 patient, retained stones found in 3 patients,including intrahepatic cholelithiasis in one case. As a result, 38 out of 42 patients underwent common bile duct exploration. 35 patients were placed on T-tubes. Four patients underwent cystic duct exploration in which 3 had primary suture of the cystic duct and 1 had drainage. There was no infection and stenosis of biliary tract in the 42 followed-up cases. Conclusions Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with stone extraction can be performed with high efficiency, minimal morbidity and without mortality. Improving the way of operation and selecting suitable exploration can result in better clinical outcomes.