4Aygun S,Kocoglu H,Goksu S,et al.Postoperative patient controlled analgesia with intravenous tramadol,intravenous fentanyl,epidural tramadol and epidural ropivacaine+fentanyl combination[J].Eur J Gynaecol Oncol,2004;25(4):498-501.
5Casey WF,Smith CE,Katz JM,et al.Intravenous meperidine for control of shivering during caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia[J].Can J Anaesth,1998;35:128-33.
6Reiman. Does a non-opioid component contribute to the efficacy of the central analgesic tramadol? 10 th European Winter Conference on Brain Research Abstracts,1990. 121.
7Dhas man K M, Banerjee A K, Rating W, et al. Analgesic effect of tramadol in cat. Acta Pharmacol Sin,1989,10:289-293.
8Yaksh T L, Ossipon M H, Rostaing S H, et al. Pharmacology of adrenergic system which modulated spinal nociceptive processing. Phamaol Biochem Behav, 1985,22:845 - 858.
9Glazer E J, Basbaum A I. Axous which take up serotonin are presynaptic to enkphalin imrnunoreactive neurons in cat dorsal horn. Brain Res, 1984,298:386-391.
3Nakai Y,Yanaka K, Iguchi M, et al. A case of multiple myeloma presenting with asubcutaneous mass: significance of ''dural tail'' in the differential diagnosis of the meningeal tumors. No Shinkei Geka, 1999,27:67-71.
4Eljamel MSM, Foy PM. Multiple meningiomas and their relation to neurofibromatosis. Review of the literratue and report of seven cases.Surg Neurol, 1989, 32: 131.
7McQuay H,Carroll D,MooreA. Variation in the placeboeffect in randomized controlled trialsof analgesics:allis asblind as it seems[J].PAIN,1996.331-335.