“汶川地震”灾后医疗救助(治)服务包设计实证研究

Empirical Analysis of Post-disaster Medical Assistance Package Making Based on the Wenchuan Earthquake

目的:通过对"汶川地震"灾后医疗救助(治)服务包的开发进行实证研究,以帮助当地民政部门制定相关灾后医疗救助(治)政策,并希望对今后自然灾害后的医疗救助(治)工作起到借鉴作用。方法:采用问卷调查的方法,在不同灾区共调查住户6416户(15788人),并在此基线数据基础上,依据相关原理及方法,制定灾后医疗救助服务包。结果:灾后居民卫生服务需求急剧增加,灾区居民疾病谱发生变化,同时由于居住环境的变化引起一些慢性疾病的发病率明显增高,精神健康问题严重。结论:增加慢性病的门诊救助服务包;为严重伤残等特殊困难群众制定必要的救助服务包;加强对灾区居民的精神健康教育与心理干预等。

Objective：According to empirical research of disaster medical assistance service package,to help the local civil affairs department of the relevant post-disaster medical assistance policy,and to provide references for the work of the medical rescure in natural disaster.Methods：A questionnaire survey is carried out in 6 416 homes（15 788 residents）in different affected areas,according to baseline data and the relevant theory to develop post-disaster medical assistance service packs.Results：The post-disaster health needs of residents increased dramatically.The diseases in disaster areas change a lot.Meanwhile,the incidences of chronic diseases increase because of the environmental change.And the problems of mental diseases are serious.Conclusion：Chronic disease patient service packs should be increased and assistance to the necessary for the severely disabled with special difficulties should be established;the mental health of residents in affected areas of psychological intervention should be strengthened.