墨西哥《学前义务教育法》的制定与实施及其对我国的启示

On the Obligatory Preschool Education Reform in Mexico

从教育权平等的角度出发,为进一步普及学前教育,墨西哥于2002年颁布实施了《学前义务教育法》。为此墨西哥政府大幅度提高了学前教育预算,使之占教育总预算的11%左右,并增设了上万所新幼儿园,增聘了数万名教师。至2007年,墨西哥4至5岁幼儿的毛在园率已达114%,净在园率97%,基本实现了《学前义务教育法》规定的目标。借鉴墨西哥学前教育快速发展政策与经验,我国各级政府应进一步从促进社会公正与和谐、保障儿童平等受教育权的角度出发,提高对普及学前教育重要性的认识,提升学前教育投资主体重心,加大中央与省级财政投入,大幅度提高学前教育预算,以此推进我国学前教育事业快速健康发展。

When entering the new century, the net enrollment rate for children of 3 to 5 years old in Mexico was 50%, and about 90% of those enrolled were enjoying free education. However, Mexico was not satisfied with what had achieved, and based on the idea of equality of education right, the Law of Obligatory Pre-schooling was passed in 2002. To implement this law, Mexican government increased preschool budget substantially, which was about 11% of the total education budget, and established about 10 thousands of new preschools and employed about 30 thousands of new preschool teachers. In 2007, the gross enrollment rate for children of 4 and 5 years old had been 114%, and the net enrollment rate for them had been 97%. The objectives set by the law have been achieved basically.