我国南部麦区小麦硬度基因多态性初步分析

Preliminary Analysis on Wheat Pina and Pinb Gene Polymorphism in South Wheat Region of China

籽粒硬度是小麦重要的加工品质性状,直接影响磨粉品质和食品加工品质。决定籽粒硬度的蛋白是分子量为15kD的Friabilin蛋白,由多种成分组成,其主要成分是两种富含色氨酸(Trp)的蛋白质Puroindoline a和Puroindoline b(Pi-na和Pinb),分别由位于5DS染色体Hardness(Ha)位点的基因Pina和Pinb编码。本研究选取了我国长江流域和黄淮麦区南部、西南麦区和南方冬麦区104份小麦品种,分别用Pina和Pinb特异的引物通过PCR分子检测基因的有无和长度的多态性。结果表明,在检测的104种小麦中,有6个品种无Pina目标条带,7个品种无Pinb条带,12个品种既无Pi-na也无Pinb,属于双缺失类型。本实验条件下,无论Pina还是Pinb,PCR产物长度均无明显变化。推测,大多数硬质小麦均是由Pina或Pinb基因的单核苷酸变化、较小的插入或缺失突变引起的。本研究为进一步筛查Pina和Pinb基因突变奠定了基础。

Grain hardness is an important factor determines wheat grain milling quality and use of flour.Many researches showed that Friabilin,which molecular weights was 15kDa and rich in Trp amino acid residues decided the hardness of grain.The major components of Friabilin was Puroindoline a and Puroindoline b（Pina and Pinb）,which were coded by gene Pina and Pinb respectively.Pina and Pinb genes were mapped on the short arm of chromosome 5D Sat Ha locus.In this paper,104 wheat varieties distributed in middle and low Yangtze Valley winter wheat region,Yellow and Huai River Valley winter wheat region,Southwest winter wheat region and Southern winter wheat region were selected to analyze the polymorphism of Pina and Pinb genes.The result showed that there were 6 varieties null Pina,7 null Pinb,12 null both of them.No length polymorphim were detected among materials used in this study.It could be hypothesized that most varieties＇ hardness phenotype were contributed by the sigle,small insertion or deletion mutation of nucletides.To verify the hypothesis,further reseaches was needed to be done.