武汉市农村地区地下水健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment of Rural Groundwater in Wuhan,Hubei

目的了解武汉市农村地区地下饮用水中化学污染物的健康风险。方法于2009年9—12月对武汉市A、B、C、D、E五个区所辖的1945个行政村进行地下水抽样调查,并采用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对地下水中砷、氟化物、硝酸盐、铁和锰经饮水途径所引起的健康风险作出初步评价。结果武汉市农村地区地下水总健康风险为2.87×10-6/a。B区、A区、C区、D区、E区地下水中砷的个人年致癌风险分别为0、2.86×10-7、2.00×10-7、1.07×10-6、1.50×10-6/a。个人年均健康风险排列顺序为E区(4.83×10-6/a)>D区(3.45×10-6/a)>A区(9.24×10-7/a)>C区(6.40×10-7/a)>B区(2.41×10-9/a)。结论 D和E农村地区地下水中的砷具有一定的致癌风险。

Objective To assess the health risk of chemical pollutants in the drinking water from the groundwater source in the rural areas of Wuhan,Hubei province. Methods One thousand and nine hundred and forty-five villages in five districts （A, B,C,D and E） of Wuhan were selected and the groundwater samples were collected for the investigation during September to Deeember in 2009. The health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） was employed to preliminarily assess the health risk caused by the chemical pollutants, As, F-, NO3^-, 17e and Mn in groundwater. Results The total health risk of the rural groundwater in Wuhan was 2.78×10^-6/a. The individual carcinogenic risk of As in B,A,C,D,and E districts was 0,2.86×10^-7,2.00×10^- 7, 1.07×10^-6, 1.50×10^-6/a respectively. The personal annual health risk ranked as E （4.83 × 10^-6/a） 〉 D （3.45 × 10^-6/a） 〉m （9.24 × 10^-7/a） 〉C （6.40 × 10^-7/a） 〉 B （2.41 × 10^-9/a）. Conclusion Carcinogen As in groundwater in the rural areas in D and E districts presents health risk for the local exposed residents.