论我国环境公民诉讼原告适格制度的构建

The Legal System Construction for Plaintiffs' Qualification for Environmental Citizen Suits in China

环境公民诉讼或环境公益诉讼是指公民、环保团体、政府等任何社会公共与私人领域的具有独立法律地位的任何法律实体,为保护环境公益,针对环境破坏者或不履行法定职责的行政机关提起的诉讼。环境公民诉讼以公民环境权、环境公共信托、人民主权等理论为基础,在美国立法中逐步确立了公民诉讼条款。环境公民诉讼还具有坚实的法理基础和充分的司法实践基础。我国应通过借鉴、引进、吸收和消化国外的先进立法,修改完善现行的法律制度,逐步构建环境公民诉讼原告适格制度。

Environmental citizen suits mean that laws grant citizens the power to sue private parties and/or governmental agencies who violate environmental laws and regulations,or fail to fulfill their obligations in implementing environmental laws and regulations.Citizen enforcement of laws is intended to protect environment and public rights.There are solid theoretical,practical and legal foundations for environmental citizen suits.China should make full use of the advanced laws and regulations of foreign countries as sources of reference,try to modify and perfect its present laws,and gradually establish its own legal system for plaintiffs＇ qualification for environmental citizen suits.