中央政府在城市交通可持续发展中的角色

The Role of Central Government in Sustainable Urban Transport Development

中国城市交通问题已经不仅仅是拥堵、噪音、尾气等地方层面的问题,它涉及宏观经济发展、农田保护、金融体系稳定、能源安全、碳排放等国家甚至国际层面的问题。由于这些溢出问题的存在,中央政府应重新审视其在城市交通方面的作用与职责。对此,世界银行提出,中央政府可从城市交通政策导向、公交发展支持、最佳实践奖励、交通绩效标杆与评估系统、交通投融资体制改革以及城市交通示范项目等方面发挥作用。大力发展高效的公共交通是中国可持续城市交通战略的核心工作,要在有效的商业运营前提下满足社会目标、保证服务质量。保持民营部门与公共部门之间的合作互补关系是中央和地方政府所应共同做出的努力。

Urban transport problems in China are not only locally specific—such as congestion,traffic noise and tailpipe emissions,but also spill over to the national level and even international level through their impacts on economic growth,agricultural land preservation,financial system stability,energy security,and CO2 emissions.Because of the spillover effects,the central government should re-examine its role and responsibilities in urban transport.The World Bank suggests that the central government should play an active role in overall urban transport policy directions,public transport policy,fiscal support to reward best practices,benchmarking and evaluation,transport financing reform,and pilot demonstration programs.Developing an efficient public transport system will be the central task of China＇s sustainable urban transport strategy.To achieve the social objective of public transport more effectively and to ensure service quality,the commercial foundation of public transport services should be maintained.Both central and local governments should make effort to ensure the public sector and the markets play their complementary roles in public transport development and service provision.