先秦汉语助动词的构式功能研究——以《荀子》为例

Study on the Constructional Function of Auxiliary Verbs in Pre-Qin Chinese——Take Xun Zi as an Example

"句式"概念的提出体现了语义语法相结合的思想,有助于细化语法规则和词类研究。《荀子》意志的表达、肯定与否定非对称等助动词使用状态显示,先秦时期,助动词的用法已趋稳定,而能愿式的构成则反映了先秦时期助动词运用的实际面貌,是助动词意义和功能研究的可信材料。研究显示,助动词没有一般动词带宾语、可重叠等主要特征,不能够像典型动词那样参与构句,极少作为句子核心,因此,需要和动词相区别。助动词"扶助"动词的功能十分稳定,具有不可替代性,词类的典型成员产生很早,并且应用至今,因而,给助动词独立确定词类地位十分必要。

Conceptual suggesting of ＂sentence-type＂ embodies the thought that combines the semantics with grammar, which is helpful in the refinement syntax rules and parts of speech research. Xun Zi, with the auxiliary verb＇s status for will expression and the asymmetry of definitely and negative, is possible to demonstrate that the auxiliary verb usage already has tended toward stability in the Pre-Qin Period. However, the constitution of can-hope type reflects the physical character of utilization with auxiliary verb, which is the credible material for auxiliary verb significance and the function research. Studies indicate that auxiliary verbs do not have the chief feature of general verbs as having the object and may overlap. At the same time, it is not able to participate in the structure sentence like representative verb, and is seldom the sentential core. So it is necessary to differentiate the auxiliary verb and general verb. The function that auxiliary verb ＂assists＂ the verb is very stable and forbidden replacement. The typical members of part of speech came into being very early and are applied till today. Therefore, it is necessary for the auxiliary verb to have its independent status as a part of speech.