儿童接触低水平铅与智能发育的关系研究

Lower lead exposure and mental development

为探讨接触低水平铅是否对儿童智能发育产生影响，根据血铅值将儿童分为低血铅组（血铅＜１０μｇ／ｄｌ）和高血铅组（血铅≥１０μｇ／ｄｌ），比较两组之间婴幼儿智能发育和学龄前儿童智力测验结果是否有差异。结果高血铅组儿童的ＰＤＩ、ＶＩＱ、ＰＩＱ和ＦＩＱ高于低血铅组。单因素分析提示血铅与ＣＤＣＣ量表中的心理运动发育指数（ＰＤＩ）以及ＷＰＰＳＩ量表中的语言智商（ＶＩＱ）、操作智商（ＰＩＱ）和总智商（ＦＩＱ）存在负相关关系，ｒ分别为－０．１４５８，－０．３３３０，－０．２３１６，－０．３１３３；高血铅组高于低血铅组。但多元回归分析显示血铅值与智能发育无相关关系，表明铅可能是阻碍儿童智能发育的一个危险因素。但当血铅水平不太高时（血铅值不高于２５μｇ／ｄｌ）的相关关系不明显。

Children were divided into two groups based on their blood lead levels(<10 or ≥10 mg/dl). The mental development indexes(PDI,VIQ,PIQ and FIO)were significantly decreasedc in the high lead group. Simple correlation analysis indicated that there was a negative association between blood lead levels and PDI, VIQ,PIQ and FIO( r=- 0 1458,-0 3330,-0 2316 and -0 3133 repectively). But multiple regression analysis showed that the indexes of mental development were not associated with blood lead levels. It is concluded that lead is probably one of the risk factors hindering mental development. But the effect is weak while the blood lead level is not high enough.