氯酚在鲫鱼体内的分布、存在形式与生物富集研究

Study on the existence, distribution and bioaccumulation of chlorophenols in crucian carps

用气相色谱－电子捕获检测器法测定鱼组织中４种有代表性的氯酚（ＣＰｓ）及其共轭物。选取ＣＰｓ分别对鲫鱼在室温（２２±５）℃进行９６ｈ半静态染毒实验。实验发现：２４ｈ换一次水，能充分保证ＣＰｓ实验水的浓度恒定，鱼的存在并不影响实验水的浓度。实验水系统中，ＣＰｓ在鲫鱼（Ｃｒｕｉｃａｎｃａｒｐｓ）体内的分布和积累的研究结果表明，ＣＰｓ在鱼体内以游离ＣＰｓ及其共轭物２种形式存在。ＣＰｓ总量在各鱼组织间的分布顺序为：胆＞肝、肾＞肌肉，随着氯（Ｃｌ）原子数目的增多，ＣＰｓ共轭物所占比例亦增大，而ＰＣＰ共轭物所占比例则较ＴＣＰ有所下降。胆组织中ＣＰｓ共轭物由葡萄糖苷酸共轭物和硫酸酯共轭物２种形式组成，其中葡萄糖苷酸含量大于９３％。通过计算生物浓缩因子（ＢＣＦ）值来度量ＣＰｓ在鱼组织中的生物富集效果。由胆中游离氯酚和硫酸酯共轭物得到的ＢＣＦ值均与正辛醇／水体系的分配系数ＫＯＷ没有相关性；而通过葡萄糖苷酸共轭物和ＣＰｓ总量分别计算得到的ＢＣＦ值均与ＫＯＷ有较好的相关性，（ｒ＞０．９６）。鲫鱼鱼胆的ＢＣＦ，在２．０×１０３～６．３×１０３之间。

Four representative chlorophenols(CPs) and their conjugates in fish tissues were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector(GC ECD). Crucian carps were exposed to water contaminated with CPs or not contaminated water separately at room temperature(22±5℃) for 96h. If the contaminated water samples are continuously replaced at 24h interval, the concentration of CPs can be maintained constant throughout the experiment. The presence of fish will not have influence on the concentration of CPs. The experiment results showed that both free and conjugated CPs existed in fish tissues. The total amount of these chlorophenols in fish tissues is bile>liver and kindney>muscle. The proportion of conjugated CPs increases with the number of chlorine atoms in each compound, nevertheless, the proportion of conjugated CPs in PCP is less than that of TCP. Conjugated CPs in bile are composed of glucuronide and sulfate ester conjugates, and glucuronide conjugate is over 93%. The bio accumulation of CPs in fish tissues is expressed by bio concentration factors (BCF).The BCF abstained from free CPs and their sulfate ester conjugate in bile has no correlaton with the partition coefficient of 1 octanol/water system(K OW ).On the other hand, a good correlation is observed between BCF and K OW abstained from glucuronide conjugate and total amount of CPs( r >0 96).The bioconcentration factors(BCF) of CPs in bile are 2 0×10 3～6 3×10 3.