社会交换论视角下的腐败成因解析

Study on Contributing Factor of Corruption from the Point of Social Exchange Theory

社会交换论对描述和解释中国社会转型期腐败发生的原因、过程和对策提供了分析框架。腐败是在交换结构制约下的理性选择行为,交换结构存在的弊端提供了腐败发生的外在机会,刺激并诱发个体的腐败动机,两者结合促成了现实腐败行为的发生,即通过形形色色的资源交换实现了腐败收益,构成了交换动机——交换结构——交换资源三位一体的腐败发生发展的过程链条,从动态角度揭示了腐败的形成原因。各种腐败现象的本质是资源的非正当转移,这种转移的后果是个人和特定集团获益,而公共利益受损。为此,要控制腐败,就要控制腐败交换的动机和交换结构,斩断腐败交换的利益链条,这就需要构建并实施教育、制度、监督并重的惩治和预防腐败的体系。

Social exchange theory constructs an analysis framework which can describe and explain the contributing factor and process of corruption in the period of social transformation.Corruption is a rational choice action under the exchange structure.The abuses of exchange structure provide the external cause of corruption and induce the individual＇s corruption motive.So the two factors turn corruption motive into actions.Corruption profits are produced by all kinds of resource exchange.Exchange motive,exchange structure and resource exchange are the chains in the corruption process,which explains the contributing factor of corruption from the perspective of trends.The nature of corruption is the illegal transference of resource and the consequence is that certain person and group gain the corruption profits while public profits suffer losses.Therefore,motive and structure of corruption exchange should be controlled and profits chains should be chopped off.Furthermore,the punishment and prevention corruption system of education,system and supervision should be founded and carried out.