天津市居民高血压患病率及其危险因素

The Prevalence Rate of Hypertension and its Risk Factors in Populations of Tianjin

目的了解天津市居民高血压的流行病学特征及其影响因素。方法按照2005年《中国高血压防治指南》推荐标准,于2006年采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对天津市3个城区、3个郊区共20 346名≥18岁居住5年以上的常住人口进行了调查。采用入户面对面问卷调查的方法,并做体格检查和相关测量。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果天津市≥18岁居民高血压实际调查患病率为27.75%(按全国人口构成标化率为21.88%,按天津市人口构成标化率为22.26%),高于中国居民2002年营养与健康状况调查≥18岁人群高血压患病率(18.8%)。高血压患病率随年龄增长而增加,农村高血压患病率高于城市,无论城市还是农村,男性均高于女性。经Logistic回归分析显示,危险因素的OR值及95%CI为农村1.794(1.628～1.976)、男性1.208(1.108～1.317)、年龄高1.588(1.540～1.638)、文化程度较低1.126(1.080～1.174)、人均年收入较低1.135(1.083～1.190)、饮酒1.329(1.200～1.472)、饮茶1.242(1.123～1.376)、空腹血糖受损1.722(1.488～1.993)、糖尿病1.768(1.544～2.024),超重1.749(1.614～1.896)和肥胖3.047(2.750～3.376)。结论天津市高血压患病率较高,农村高于城市,应采取加强健康教育,提倡合理的生活方式等有效措施,降低高血压的患病情况。

Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence rate of hypertension and its risk factors in Tianjin urban and rural residents.Methods With multi-stage randomized cluster sampling,20 346 people aged 18 years and over were selected from both urban and rural areas of six geographical regions of Tianjin in 2006.A cross-sectional study was conducted.Data of these residents were collected with questionnaire by face-to-face interview.Physical examinations and blood pressures were taken by trained interviewers.Data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were taken for analyses of risk factors.Results The prevalence rate by survey of hypertension in adults of Tianjin was 27.75%,the adjusted rate according to the composition of Tianjin population was 22.26%,and the standardized rate based on composition of whole country population by 2000 census was 21.88% which was higher than the national average level of 18.8% in 2002.The prevalence rate of hypertension was increased with age.It was higher in rural area than in urban area and in male than in female.The results obtained from Logistic regression model analyses indicated that the risk factors of hypertension in Tianjin were associated with rural areas of 1.794（95%CI： 1.628～1.976）,male of 1.208（95%CI： 1.108～1.317）,older age of 1.588（95%CI： 1.540～1.638）,lower level of education of 1.126（95%CI： 1.080～1.174）,lower level of annual per-capita income of 1.135（95%CI： 1.083～1.190）,alcohol consumption of 1.329（95%CI： 1.200～1.472）,drinking tea of 1.242（95%CI： 1.123～1.376）,IFG of 1.722（95%CI： 1.488～1.933）,DM of 1.768（95%CI： 1.544～2.024）,overweight of 1.749（95%CI： 1.614～1.896） and obesity of 3.047（95%CI： 2.750～3.376）.Conclusion The prevalence rate of hypertension in Tianjin was quite higher.The rate in rural population was higher than in urban population.DM,overweight and obesity,and other factors were risk factors of hypertension in Tianjin.The health education should be strengthening.The rational life style and other effective measures should be reinforced to reduce the prevalence rate of hypertension.