庄子逍遥之境及在现代语境下的价值阐释

ZHUANG Zi's Circumstance of Xiaoyao and Its Contemporary Value Interpretation

庄子在《逍遥游》中描述了两种境界:有待的相对自由和无待的绝对自由。前一种自由是有所凭借的自由,或受到外界条件的限制,或受到自身视域的遮蔽,不能达到自如的境界。后一种自由是庄子所提倡的逍遥之境,由"乘天地之正,御六气之变,游于无穷"达到"至人无己、神人无功、圣人无名"的三重逍遥境界。这三重境界是庄子为他那个时代的人所构想的理想的人生存在境遇。在物质极为丰富、社会发展极为迅速的当代社会,庄子的逍遥境界仍有其独特的存在价值。

ZHUANG Zi described two circumstances in Xiaoyaoyou： relative freedom relied on something and the absolute freedom not depended on anything. The former could not reach real freedom because it relied on something or was limited by outside factors or covered by its own field of vision. The latter advocated by ZHUANG Zi was a real freedom,consisting of three circumstances： forgetting oneself, discarding material gain and abandoning fame by excellent people, which was really ideal existence condition advocated by ZHUANG Zi for people of his time. In the contemporary society, with extremely abundant materials and the fast development of society, ZHUANG Zi＇s circumstances of Xiaoyao still have unique practical values.