贮藏板栗休眠与萌芽的温度调控

CONTROLLING OF DORMANCY AND SPROUTING OF STORED CHESTNUT BY MEANS OF TEMPERATURE

本文研究了板栗贮藏过程中呼吸作用变化和内源激素含量与贮藏温度的关系，确定了板栗的休眠时期，并探讨了通过贮藏温度调控板栗休眠和萌芽的措施。研究结果表明，板栗休眠期长短与贮藏温度有密切关系，在室温（２０℃～２２℃）贮藏条件下板栗的休眠期为２个月左右，在冷藏（０℃～２℃）条件下的休眠期为３个月左右。说明虽然冷藏较室温贮藏能延长板栗的休眠期，但不能完全控制休眠。板栗休眠解除后，在生理上表现为呼吸作用上升和内源激素（ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ３、ＺＲ）含量增加，外观上表现为胚芽萌动生根。冷藏板栗在休眠解除前将贮藏温度降至临界低温（－２℃～－４℃），可有效地抑制呼吸回升和内源激素的合成，使休眠不被解除，从而在整个贮藏过程中不萌芽。经临界低温贮藏的板栗，仍较好地保持种子活力，出库后品质和萌芽正常，未造成低温伤害。

This paper deals with the relationship between storage temperature and sprouting of the chestnut. The results showed that the dormancy state was strongly effected by storage temperature. When chestnut was stored at 0℃～2℃,the dormancy state was 3 months, that was 1 month longer than stored at room temperature(20℃～22℃). Dormancy was relieved in March when chestnut stored at the temperature of 0℃～2℃,the respiration and the contents of the phytohormones (IAA,GA 3,ZR) in embryonic bud were increased, the seeds began sprouting. The author tried regulating the storage temperature from 0℃～2℃ to -2℃～-4℃ at the end of February before the dormancy was relieved. It was appeared that the respiration and the hormones were not increased, the seeds remained in the dormant status and not sprouting. The chestnut and their embryo were not in jured, and had a normal vigor and quality after storing for 8 months.