落叶松挥发性物质与球果花蝇危害的关系

LARCH CONE VOLATILE PROFILE AND ITS DAMAGE BY CONE FLY ( STROBILOMYIA SPP.)IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA

分析了球果花蝇（Ｓｔｒｏｂｉｌｏｍｙｉａｓｐｐ）的危害与落叶松挥发性物质的组成、变化的关系。落叶松球果与枝叶的挥发性物质主要为萜烯类，其中以α蒎烯、β罗勒烯、β蒎烯、月桂烯、３蒈烯、水芹烯为主。球果挥发性物质中各组分的相对含量与枝叶的不同。在不同的发育阶段球果挥发性物质中各组分的相对含量变化较大，在发育初期，无绝对优势组分；在发育中期，以上述６种烯类为优势组分。被害球果挥发性物质中６种主要组分的相对含量明显高于未受害球果。不同无性系或同一无性系不同植株之间挥发性物质的百分组成不同，球果的被害率亦不同。在月桂烯、水芹烯相对含量都较高时，球果被害率低，反之球果被害率高；在β蒎烯、月桂烯、３蒈烯和水芹烯相对含量都较高时，球果被害率最低。在枝叶的挥发性物质中，６种主要组分相对含量很低时，球果被害率低；随着β蒎烯、３蒈烯相对含量的增加，球果被害率增高。

The composition of larch cone and foliage volatiles mainly consist of monoterpenes with mostly α pinene,β ocimene,β pinene, laurene, 3 carene, β phellandrene There are only quantitative differences between volatile emission of cone and foliage However, volatile composition varies significantly at different cone development stages which corresponds to larch cone fly ( Strobilomyia spp ) development In early May before cone fly laying eggs, there are no dominant volatile components and all six monoterpenes are relative low From mid May to late May when cone fly oviposition peak occurs, the contents of the six monoterpenes are obviously higher in the cones being laid eggs by cone fly than cones without eggs We also found that relative quantity of cone volatiles varies greatly among different clones or different trees of the same clone,the same is true with cone damage rate Lightly damaged cone showed the higher content of laurene and β phellandrene While heavily damaged cones showed lower content of the two compounds But the lowest damaged cone group revealed relativly higher content of β pinene, laurene, 3 carene and β phellandrene In the foliage volatiles, when relative quantities of the six components are very low, cone damage is low Cone damage increases as the relative quantities of β pinene and 3 carene increase