论我国兴安落叶松、长白落叶松及华北落叶松种间遗传进化关系(英文)

ON EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THREE LARIX TAXA IN CHINA: L.GMELINII (RUPR.)RUPR, L.OLGENSIS HENRY AND L. PRINCIPIS RUPPRECHTII MAYR.

兴安落叶松、长白落叶松及华北落叶松是我国重要的木材树种，然而由于采用不同的性状进行分类，它们种间关系问题一直在争论着。国外研究人员如ＯｓｔｅｎｆｅｌｄａｎｄＬａｒｓｅｎ（１９３０）等认为长白落叶松和华北落叶松为兴安落叶松的２个变种，而我国科学家则把它们视为两个单独的种，并且还认为长白落叶松有３个变种存在，而华北落叶松有１个变种存在。因此用分子遗传学方法研究兴安落叶松、长白落叶松及华北落叶松３个种间遗传进化关系有着重要的实际意义，例如种间杂种优势的利用潜势预测。至今植物分类研究所采用的性状已包括有表型形态、生殖、生化、蛋白质（同功酶）到ＲＮＡ和ＤＮＡ的分子标记等，进行综合性状分类比较。由于这些变量所经受的环境影响和所包含的各种历史事件（如突变、选择、连锁等）不同，因此应用不同性状分类时，有可能导致不一致的结果。本文分别从形态性状，包括球果和木材解剖特征等、染色体核型分析、同功酶变异、ＲＡＰＤ分析、叶绿体ＤＮＡ的ＲＦＬＰ分析，以及叶绿体ＤＮＡ３个非编码碱基序列（１４５２ｂｐ）对这３个落叶松种的遗传进化关系进行了详细的探讨和评述。从表型和生态适应性状变异看，这３个落叶松种可以较容易的区别出来，它们有着不同的生态特?

The three taxa of the genus, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.)Rupr, L.olgensis Henry and L.principis rupprechtii Mayr., are very important timber species in China. However, the classification of these three taxa has been very arguable because different traits are employed by different authors. Thus, elucidation of their genetic relationships is of great singnificance in practice, such as the potential utility of heterosis between the taxa. Recent studies assessed using allozymes and cpDNA markers showed that there were very closely genetic relationships among the three taxa, implying that their divergences probably occurred very recently. In this review the probable process for the formation of L.olgensis and L.principis rupprechtii was discussed in detail, including possible routes, the time scale for divergence and the definition of species. According to the concept of biological species and the genetic variation of different traits, it would be more reasonable to consider L.olgensis and L.principis rupprechtii to be two varieties of L.gmelinii other than two separate species.