黑龙江垦区江河堤坝防护林营造技术

Technology of Establishing Shelterbelts for Dikes and Dams in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

黑龙江垦区水系众多,洪涝灾害频繁发生。为把防水治水与林业生态工程建设结合起来,垦区营造了大量江河堤坝防护林,并对其营造技术进行了研究。按照水系大小和堤坝的重要程度,提出了河、库单侧堤坝防护林、主要及重点江河堤坝防护林和一般堤坝防护林3种典型堤坝防护林营造技术。经观测,洪水期10～20m宽生长茂密、半淹没灌木防护林带,可平息60～70cm高波浪,减少堤坝淘刷29％,减少堤坝水土流失173m3／km。并且由于堤坝防护林对堤坝的保护作用,可减少堤坝维护投资2．73万元／km,节省清淤费用11.9万元／km。

Based on the importance and size of dikes and dams of the rivers in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area. the three types of shelterbelts for dikes and dams were established, including shelterbelts on the one side of dams of the rivers and reservoirs, shelterbelts on the both sides of dikes and dams of the key and larger rivers and shelterbelts for common and smaller dikes and dams. And also the technology of establishing these shelterbelts was studied. Observations show that during flood period,10～20 m wide shelterbelts composed of dense shrubs drowned half can level down waves 60～70 cm high. and decrease in lashing dikes and dams by 29% and in soil erosion by 173 m3/km. Moreover. RMB 27 300 per kilometer was saved in maintaining dikes and dams. and RMB 119000 saved in clearing away deposits.