万里对人民公社体制的批判与否定

To Criticize and Negate the People's Commune System by Wan Li

诞生于狂热"大跃进"年代的、作为向共产主义过渡桥梁的人民公社,面世之后连续给中国人民带来了两场大灾难。但其作为载入党的文件和共和国宪法而得以肯定的体制,是难以被撼动的。万里在人民公社诞生之初就提出了质疑,在1978年中央工作会议上尖锐而系统地批判了人民公社三大体制性弊端,要求进行改革。与此同时,他和安徽省的广大农民、干部,在实践中率先突破"左"的束缚,推行包产、包干到户,否定人民公社体制。万里于1980年进入中央决策层后,在邓小平、胡耀邦的支持下,将双包到户推向全国,并最终形成了以家庭联产承包责任制为主体、统分结合、双层经营的现行体制。1993年召开的八届人大一次会议,接受万里的提议,修改了宪法,将"农村家庭联产承包责任制长期不变"载入宪法,把"人民公社"从宪法中删除。

The people＇s commune system,which was born in the frenzy ＂Great Leap Forward＂ era as a bridge to communism has brought two major disasters.However,as loaded files into party history and the Constitution,the system is difficult to shake.Wan Li questioned the system at beginning,and in 1978 at the Central Working Conference,he sharply criticized the system of three major structural defects and called for reforms.At the same time,he and the majority of farmers,cadres in Anhui Province,were the first to break the ＂left＂ shackles and practice the implementation of production contract,contracting to households,denying the people＇s commune system.In 1980,after entering the central decision-making committee,under the support of Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang,Wan Li put forward the ＂two-pack contract to households＂ to the whole country,and eventually formed a household contract responsibility system with a main body,double current operating system sharing the same points.In 1993,the Eighth National People＇s Congress was held to accept Wan Li＇s proposal to revise Constitution by loading the ＂long-term change in rural household contract responsibility system＂ into the Constitution and removing the ＂people＇s commune system＂ from the Constitution.