转型时代的话语格局及知识分子小说话语类型——对当代知识分子小说的解读

Discourse Structures and Intellectual Novels' Discourse Patterns during the Period of Transformation——An Interpretation of Present Intellectual Novels

文学在转型时代面临着一种新的文化语境,多元并存、众声喧哗的文学格局形成。大体说来,支撑上世纪九十年代文学写作的作家主要有两类:一是已进入中老年的"五七族"和"前知青族";一是晚生代和后知青。"五七族"和"前知青族"都经过五十年代的理想训练和文革的灾难,具有丰富的人生阅历,这是他们文学写作的最基本的话语资源。而晚生代和后知青在重新思考知识分子身份、地位以及价值承担时,他们更喜欢用解构主义、享乐主义、游戏主义的态度来从事写作。转型时代的知识分子小说大致可分以下三种类型:现在时写作;反思型写作;直面现实型写作。

During the period of transformation,literate was faced with a new historical cultural context and the formation of the coexistence of many factors.This kind of literature state mainly consists of four strong discourses,namely authentic conscious discourse,literature discourse influenced by commercialism,post-modernism discourse and intellectual humanism discourse.There is also a close relation between the formation of intellectual novels and the authors＇ age,place,experiences and education.Generally speaking,the literature of 1990＇s are mainly written by ＂Wu Qi people＂ and ＂former young intellectuals＂ who were mainly born in the late 1940＇s and 1950＇s and have experienced ideal training of ＂Cultural Revolution＂,＂rebirth people＂ and ＂later young intellectuals＂.Both ＂Wu Qi people＂ and ＂former young intellectuals＂ have experienced the trouble of ideal training and ＂Cultural Revolution＂,so they have rich living experiences which are the main discourse＇ recourses of their literature writing.While ＂rebirth people＂ and ＂later young intellectuals＂ didn＇t have too much spiritual burdens,nor did they have the spiritual tensions.＂Wu Qi people＂ and ＂former young intellectuals＂ are what they preferred to engage writing with destruction,hedonism and play when they rethinking intellectuals＇ positions,status and values.Due to the above reasons the intellectual novels in the period of transformation can be mainly divided into three types： present writing,reflecting writing and facing-reality writing.