“为教育招兵,为民主募马”——论抗战胜利前后陶行知的民主教育思想

On TAO Xing-zhi's Thoughts of Democratic Education around Victory over Japan

抗战胜利前后,中国民主政治建设非常活跃。陶行知在此期间发表了一系列关于民主和民主教育的文章,对民主教育进行了集中的阐述。他希望通过民主教育"为教育招兵,为民主募马",提出"民主是中国的精神维他命"、"教师是民主的酵母"、"在民主生活中学习",以及"创造力最能发挥的条件是民主"等主张,发表了自己对于民主教育内容和方法的独特见解。他把教育作为民主政治建设的重要基础,主张从小学生和小学教师做起,开展民主教育的普及运动,以提高社会民众的民主素养。陶行知的民主教育主张是其生活教育思想的重要组成部分,具有非常重要的价值和意义。它既有助于考察现代中国的民主教育进程,更有助于考察其生活教育理论的发展脉络。

Around victory over Japan,there existed an active democratic atmosphere.During the period,TAO Xing-zhi published a series of articles on democracy and education for democracy.He proposed that China should recruit teachers for education and recruit members for democracy by the way of democratic education.He argued that democracy was a kind of spiritual vitamin to China,a democratic teacher could be a kind of barm to democracy,and we should learn democracy in democratic life.TAO Xing-zhi regarded education as an important foundation to democracy construction.He suggested that we could popularize democratic education from primary school to improve the democratic literacy of the masses.TAO Xing-zhi＇s view of democratic education is an important part of his thought of life education and it is beneficial to inspect the history of Chinese modern democracy education process and his life education theory development.