酒店女性管理者职业生涯规划的影响因素分析——以广州市高星级酒店为例

Analysis of influencing factors for female managers' career planning in luxury hotels——A case study of one hotel in Guangzhou

现代女性越来越多投身于个人职业发展中,其职业生涯规划意义重大。国内外有关女性职业发展的研究已有丰富的理论基础,但理论分析较多,实证研究成果相对匮乏。高星级酒店的女性管理者职业生涯规划的影响因素分析具有较为重要的理论意义和实践价值。首先,通过文献研究和问卷调查确定女性职业生涯规划的影响因素,并选取某高星级酒店作为案例,通过深度访谈具体分析各影响因子的具体表现。结果显示:影响酒店女性管理者职业生涯规划的因素主要有社会因素、个人因素、家庭因素和组织因素。社会因素是一种宏观背景;个人因素贯穿女性管理者职业生涯规划的始终,是职业生涯规划的基础;家庭因素对酒店女性管理者婚后和生育后的职业生涯规划产生重要影响,其中家庭责任的影响具有两面性,而来自长辈和丈夫的家庭支持能促进其职业生涯规划的可持续发展;组织因素属于外部客观的影响因素,酒店和谐的工作环境和完善的福利制度,对其职业生涯规划起到积极的推动作用。

Nowadays,more and more modern females devote themselves into their personal career development,and career planning plays an important role in their work-life.The present study at home and abroad has got opulent theories concerning female career development,work-planning and so on.However,most of those focus on theoretical analysis instead of empirical analysis.Therefore,this paper selects hotel female managers,a designated group to explore their perception of career planning using influence factor analysis to give some advice to hotel female managers themselves and hotel human resources management with literature study,sampling survey and in-depth interviews are used to collect the data.Literature study defines the potential presumable influence factors in female career planning and confirms that influence factors really exist by sampling survey in Guangzhou hotels.Then X hotel was chosen as a study case and some in-depth interviews on hotel＇s female managers were done with random sample.In-depth interview shows that how influence factors have an effect on hotel female managers＇ planning,decision and perception of their career.Some analysis indicates that there are four main influence factors：social factor,individual factor,family factor,and organizational factor.In general terms,individual factor is a basic factor in career planning,as it is throughout the whole process of career,and it affects hotel female profession all the time.Family factor plays an important role in hotel female managers＇ career planning.Because it not only affects female before they get married but also affects them even after they get married or become a mother.There are many detail elements in the family factor,such as husband＇s attitude,parents＇ support and work-family balance,etc.Meanwhile,family factor has dual character.It will promote female career development in a sustainable way if elders and husbands support their planning;while it will be negative if not.Organizational factor belongs to outer external influence factor,such as hotel work environment and employees＇ well-being system,which are always be neglected.Some conclusions can be drawn that a harmonious hotel work environment and a perfect employees＇ well-being system,especially for female employee,can enable hotel female managers to have more energetic work motivation and push forward their career planning.So we can see social factor,personal factor,family factor and organization factor do influence hotel female career planning significantly.For this reason,in the latter part of paper,it is suggested that hotel female managers can make their career planning better through self promotion,family members＇ positive support and hotel＇s harmonious system.We hope that hotel female managers can work with a sensible perception of their career planning.Finally,some limitations in this paper are noted and some topics as a follow-up study are mentioned.