286例药品不良反应报告分析

Analysis of 286 ADR reports in our hospital in 2009

目的：了解我院药品不良反应（ADR）发生情况及特点,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法：对我院2009年临床科室上报的286例ADR报表按患者年龄、性别、给药途径、药品种类及发生频率、ADR累及器官或系统及临床表现、ADR分类及严重程度分级等方面进行回顾性分析。结果：286例ADR中,男性ADR发生率略高于女性;ADR发生率,0~10a婴幼儿（29.72%）和60a以上老年人（22.72%）明显高于其他年龄段患者;给药途径以静脉滴注（89.16%）和口服给药（9.09%）为主;抗感染药物和中药注射剂ADR的发生频率高。头孢菌素类药物、氟喹诺酮类药物及青霉素类药物的ADR发生频率占抗感染药物前3位;ADR临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害以及全身性损害为主;引发ADR例数前3位的药物为头孢曲松、五水头孢唑啉、头孢替安;新的及严重的ADR占8.04%。结论：应重视与加强ADR监测与报告工作,保障患者的用药安全。

Objective：To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions（ADRs） occurred in our hospital,and provide reference for rational drug use in clinic.Methods：There were 286 ADR reports collected from our hospital in 2009,which were retrospectively analyzed in respect of patients＇ age and gender,routes of administration,drug categories and frequency,organs or systems involved,types of adverse drug reactions,classifications of serious degree of ADRs and other aspects.Results：Among the 286 cases of ADR,the incidence rate in male was slightly higher than that in female;the incidence rates in patients aged of 0-10 years old（29.72%） and over 60 years old（22.72%） were signif icantly higher than in the patients of other ages;intravenous drip administration accounted for 89.16% and oral administration accounted for 9.09%.Most of ADRs were caused by anti-infective drugs and Traditional Chinese Medicine for injection.Of all the anti-infective drugs,the rates of ADRs induced by cephalosporins,and fluoroquinolones ranked the top 2.Lesions of skin and its appendants were the main clinical manifestations.Top three drugs in terms of the incidence rate of ADRs were ceftriaxone,cefazolin and cefotiam.New and serious ADRs accounted for 8.04%.Conclusion：More importance should be attached to the monitoring of ADRs in order to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADRs.