共情中的认知调节和情绪分享过程及其关系

Interaction Between the Cognitive and Emotional Components of Empathy

共情是在区分自我和他人的基础上对他人情绪的体验和理解,共情既是一种人格特质,也是一种心理过程。共情的结构和功能是近年来发展心理学、比较心理学、社会心理学和认知神经科学等多个领域的研究焦点之一。共情不是一个单维的心理结构,而是包含着自下而上的情绪分享过程和自上而下的认知调节过程。情绪分享过程是刺激驱动的自动化的过程,而认知调节过程会对情绪分享过程产生调节作用,两个过程既彼此独立又互相作用,以确保个体社会适应的灵活性。两个过程的不平衡可能会导致社会适应问题,甚至引发心理疾病。

Empathy,the experience and understanding of others＇ feeling and emotion without confusing between oneself and others,can serve as both a personality disposition and a psychological process.The structure and function of empathy are subjects of intense interest of developmental psychology,social psychology and cognitive neuroscience.Plenty of evidences demonstrate that empathy is a not an unidirectional structure but composed of both the bottom-up emotional process and the up-down cognitive process,the interaction between which promotes individuals＇ social flexibility,while the unbalance of which can destroy individuals＇ social functioning,or even cause serious mental diseases.