从“贵族”到“庶民”——日本镰仓宗教改革论考

From "Aristocracy" to "Civilian":A Study of Kamakura-Reformation in Japan

日本镰仓时期的宗教改革,与日本中世经济政治制度的变革、对宋交流及旧佛教自身的弊端等因素密切相关。由传统佛教与中国佛教融合而成的镰仓六宗虽未能完全摆脱旧佛教思想的阴霾,却使日本佛教在很大程度上实现了"贵族化"到"民众化"的转换,从而确立起"庶民佛教"这一大众救济的宗教形态。"庶民佛教"不仅大大推动了古代日本佛教的民间普及,同时也促进了旧佛教的改良运动,引导了中世民众的思想解放。

The reformation in Kamakura Period was connected with the change of economic and political systems,communication with Song Dynasty,and the disadvantages of the old Buddist.The Kamakura Five Faction,which was a combination of traditional Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism,was unable to completely get rid of the haze of the old Buddhist,but realized the conversion from ＂aristocracy＂ to ＂civilian＂,aroused people＇s ideological emancipation,and also promoted the reform movement of the old Buddist.The ＂civilian Buddist＂,which was a religious pattern for public relief,reflected the trend of the history,also started to lay the foundation for modern Japanese Buddhism.