明末清初的“另类”文人典型——李渔心态及其对文学创作的影响

A Special Type of Men of Letters in Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty Period——On Li Yu's Mentality and Its Influence on His Literary Creation

由于受到明代后期追求个性自由和宋元以来享乐思潮的双重影响,李渔形成了以闲适享乐为主的心性特征,一方面推崇情感解放,肯定人的自然情欲,大讲依红偎翠的浮华生活;另一方面李渔作为一个封建时代的文人士子,注重文学的劝惩与审美陶冶作用,积极进行戏曲小说的创作,形成沉沦与超越的双重品格,并对他的文学创作产生了重大的影响。他的作品,劝惩与享乐统一,雅与俗互动,多采用戏拟与反讽的叙事策略,所有这些,都是和他的心态有着密切的关联的。

Influenced by the pursuit of individual freedom in late Ming dynasty period and the hedonism prevailed since Song and Yuan dynasties,Li formed a state of mind valuing idleness and pleasure-seeking.On the one hand,he advocated emotional emancipation and affirmed men＇s natural desires,preaching to live an extravagant life.On the other hand,as a man of letters in feudal times,Li believed in the moralizing and educating functions of literature,and devoted himself to the creation of operas and novels.Thus Li formed a dual personality touched with both depravity and nobility,which greatly influenced his literary creation.His works are mixed with moralization and enjoyment in the form of parodies and ironies,appealing to both refined and popular taste.All these are closely related to his mentality.