2009年国际大石油公司经营状况及战略动向

The international oil majors’2009 performance

2009年,受全球经济衰退、油气价格和炼油毛利下降的影响,国际6大石油公司净利润大幅减少。但得益于上游重大油气项目投产和在低油价下获得的份额油气产量增加,油气产量小幅增长。大公司原油加工量和油品销量逐年下降的趋势没有改变,一些炼油设施被迫关停。由于原材料成本下降和大力采取降低成本的措施,多数公司的上游生产成本结束了持续多年的上升势头。2009年6大国际大石油公司天然气总储量为238.81万亿立方英尺,同比增长4.4%;原油总储量为467.96亿桶,同比增长2.5%,其中原油储量增长得益于美国证券交易委员会储量定义等规则的变化。尽管受到经济衰退的影响,但各大公司仍然坚持其长期发展战略,保持一定的投资水平,同时也采取了更加审慎的投资策略:投资更加向上游倾斜;为保障油气产量持续增长,加快向非常规油气特别是非常规天然气领域的拓展;为适应严峻的市场环境,加大下游资产调整力度,继续剥离不良资产;在发展替代能源和可再生能源方面更加注重经济性。

The globa l recession and decline in oil prices and refining margins substantially reduced the net profit of the six oil majors in 2009. However, thanks to completion of major upstream oil and gas projects and increased shared oil and gas due to low oil prices, the oil majors’oil and gas production has slightly increased. Declining volume in crude oil processing and in sales of refined oil products remained the trend. Some refineries were forced to shut down. The upward cost trend in most companies’upstream production ended after many years thanks to lower raw material cost and strong cost-cutting measures. The total gas reserves of the six international oil majors were 238.81Tcf in 2009, a year-on-year rise of 4.4%. Their total oil reserves were 46.796 billion bbl, a year-on-year rise of 2.5%. Crude oil reserves grew thanks to changes in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules defining reserves. Despite the economic recession, the oil majors stuck to their long-term development strategies. They continued investment. At the same time, they adopted a more prudent strategy, directing investment more upstream. To sustain growth in oil and gas production major oil companies accelerated the expansion of unconventional oil and gas fields, particularly in natural gas. To adapt to a difficult market environment they increased adjustment of downstream assets by divestiture. They paid more attention to economy in the development of alternative energy and renewable energy.