基于生态系统经营的林分采伐决策方法

Decision-making Methodology of Forest Ecosystem Management Based on Spatial Structure Factors of Forest

根据生态系统经营的目的,提出了以空间多样性指数、大小比数、角尺度、空间密度指数、目的树种指数、健康指数等6个空间结构因子为基础的经营决策因子,并建立了以顶极群落为目标,以维持生态系统健康和功能持续为目的,以林窗分布为特征的森林生态系统经营决策模型。结果表明,除多样性指数外,经营后所有的空间指数都有改善,健康指数和目的树种指数均达到1.00;大小比数提高了0.02～0.04;林窗面积扩大了136.6～180.9m2;角尺度趋近于0.5。通过本决策模型,可以极大地改善系统的空间结构,有利于森林生态系统的更新,形成自适应机制,维持生态的完整和健康,发挥系统的整体效应。

According to the aims of forest ecosystem management,spatial structure factors,including diversity index,neighborhood comparison,uniform angle index,spatial density index,target tree species index and healthy index,were selected as decision-making factors.In order to make the ecosystem healthy and persistently exert its function,a decision-making model of forest ecosystem management was established in terms of the distribution of forest gaps aiming to construct a climax community.Results showed that all the indexes were improved except the diversity index.The healthy index and target tree species index all reached 1.0,the neighborhood comparison increased by 0.02-0.04,the area of forest gaps increased by 136.6-180.9 m2,and the uniform angle index was approximate to 0.5.Forest ecosystems could be improved by the decision-making model in spatial structures and forest regeneration,which are beneficial to form self-adaptation mechanism,maintain integrity in system function and health,and play an integrated effect.