蚯蚓对西南桦林地土壤及林木生长的影响

Effects of Earthworm on Woodland Soil and Growth of Betula alnoides

通过接种蚯蚓及有机饲料,西南桦林地土壤的物理性状和化学性质均得到了不同程度的改善。对于土壤密度、土壤孔隙度、土壤含水量、土壤的酸碱度以及土层全N、速效N、速效P的改善效果明显,并且其改善效果是0<土壤深度h≤20cm的土层优于20cm<h≤40cm的土层,说明蚯蚓在林地的活动区域主要集中在土壤表层。接种蚯蚓后,土壤N、K等无机养分的质量分数比对照也有相应地增加,但接种蚯蚓后土壤中全磷的质量分数减少,而速效磷的质量分数增加,因此应多施磷肥,综合提高土壤养分质量分数。同时,接种蚯蚓对西南桦林木树高、胸径生长的促进作用显著,与对照相比分别提高了17.1%和12.9%。接种蚯蚓及有机饲料处理对西南桦林地土壤性质的改善效果以及对西南桦林木生长的促进作用明显优于单独施入有机饲料处理。

Soil physical and chemical properties were meliorated by inoculating earthworms and organic forages into the woodland of Betula alnoides.Soil bulk density,porosity,soil moisture,pH value,total N,available N,available P were improved obviously after the inoculation of earthworms and organic forages,and the improving effects for 0-20 cm soil layer were more distinct than those for 20-40 cm soil layer.Results show that the active area of earthworms in the forestland mainly focuses on the soil surface.After the inoculation of earthworms,the contents of soil N and K increased compared with the control,but the total P content decreased and the available P increased;therefore,more phosphorus fertilizer should be applied to improve soil phosphorus levels.Inoculation of earthworms is also effective in promoting the growth of B.alnoides.Tree height and diameter at breast height were also obviously promoted,which were 17.1% and 12.9% higher than those of the control respectively.The effect of inoculation of earthworms and organic forge on soil properties and its promotive effect on tree growth are obviously superior to those of simply applying organic forage to the forestland of B.alnoides.