软质地面树木花粉日飘散变化及影响因子

Diurnal Variation of Tree Pollen Dispersal and Its Relation to Environmental Factors in Soft Ground

通过测定软质地面条件下油松、白玉兰、白皮松、臭椿4个树种在距树10m、高度为1.5m处花粉密度和环境因子的变化,分析了树木花粉日飘散特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:4个树种的花粉日飘散变化趋势基本一致,花粉密度最大值均出现在14:00,最小值出现在4:00;花粉密度(N)的规律性飘散特征与空气温度(Ta)、光照强度(L)、地面温度(TG)的变化趋势基本一致,而与空气相对湿度(RH)的变化趋势正好相反。进一步的分析结果表明,N值与Ta、L、RH、TG的变化均呈极显著相关(p<0.01);同时,从4个树种最优回归模型的综合比较看,Ta、RH、L是影响软质地面空气中N值变化的主导因子,但不同树种优化模型中的主导因子差异较大,其中,RH、L是油松和白皮松最优回归模型中的主导因子,Ta、RH是白玉兰最优回归模型中的主导因子,Ta是臭椿最优回归模型中的主导因子。同时,本研究还进一步在花粉污染防控和降低致敏风险等方面提出了建议。

An experiment was conducted to study the relationship between the diurnal variation characteristics of pollen dispersal and environmental factors using four tree species of Pinus tabulaeformis,Magnolia denudate,Pinus bungeana and Ailanthus altissima under soft ground conditions in spring as study objects.During the flowing period on windless sunny day,the pollen concentrations of the four species at 10 m away from the samplings and 1.5 m above the ground were determined.Results showed that the pollen dispersal from the four species tended to show a similar mono-peak curve pattern with the maximum value at 14：00 and the minimum at 4：00 in the soft ground conditions.The variation pattern of pollen concentration was basically consistent with that of air temperature,light intensity and ground temperature,while it was opposite to that of air relative humidity.Extremely significant correlations were found between pollen concentration and air temperature,light intensity,relative humidity and ground temperature.The optimized models showed that air temperature,relative humidity and light intensity were the dominant factors influencing the diurnal variations of pollen concentration in soft ground,but there was a big difference between the four tree species.According to the optimized models,relative humidity and light intensity were the dominant influencing factors on pollen concentration of P.tabulaeformis and P.bungeana,air temperature and relative humidity on M.denudate,and air temperature on A.altissima.In addition,some suggestions on control of pollen pollution and reduction in allergy risk were suggested.