城乡不同区域孕早期健康相关影响因素的调查分析

Influential Factors Related to Pregnancy Health in the First Trimester in Urban and Rural Areas in Guangxi Guiguang

目的了解城乡不同区域孕妇孕早期健康相关影响因素的暴露情况。方法调查2007年12月—2009年12月在广西贵港市3所医院进行常规孕检的3758名孕妇孕早期健康影响因素的暴露情况,分析27个因素在不同区域的暴露差异。结果城乡不同区域孕妇孕前、孕后增补叶酸率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。人工流产史、近亲结婚、主动吸烟、被动吸烟、静脉滴注药物、农药、其他有毒化学物质、B超检查、X线检查、感冒、发热、孕前未治愈疾病、孕后新发疾病、接触猫或狗类动物、工作压力、情绪状况和精神刺激的暴露率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论多数与孕早期健康相关的影响因素在城乡不同区域的暴露存在差异,区域的差异突出表现在城郊和农村的生育保健知识不足、农村的被动吸烟、市区的感染和患病因素方面。孕早期健康促进工作应根据城乡不同区域孕妇孕早期健康相关影响因素的暴露情况采取有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the influential factors related to pregnancy health in the first trimester in the urban and rural areas.Methods The exposures to 27 risk factors during the first trimester were surveyed among 3758 pregnant women when they were taking regular examinations in three hospitals in Guigang,Guangxi,from December 2007 to December 2009.Results The rate of folic acid supplementation before and after pregnancy were significantly different between urban and rural areas（P〈0.01）.The exposures to other risk factors including history of abortion,intermarriage,active smoking,passive smoking,intravenous drip,pesticide,other toxic chemicals,ultrasound examination,X-ray examination,cold,fever,uncured diseases before pregnancy,diseases occur during pregnancy,contact with cats or dogs,occupational stress,emotional stress,and mental stimulation were also significantly different between urban and rural residents.Conclusion Most influential factors related to pregnancy health in the first trimester are different between urban and rural residents.More targeted interventions should be taken to promote health among these populations.