哈尔滨市室外空气真菌组成和分布的初步研究

A Preliminary Study of Fungal Community Composition and Distribution in Outdoor Air of Harbin City

采用曝皿法(孟加拉红培养基)连续12个月对哈尔滨市实验林场、东北林业大学家属区和哈尔滨市二环路、兴路区间3个地点的空气真菌进行取样,初步确定了哈尔滨市室外空气真菌的种类及其动态变化。试验共得到9 908个真菌菌落,经鉴定为22属(或群)49种。试验结果表明:室外空气真菌的优势菌属依次为枝孢属、链格孢、曲霉属、青霉属、附球菌属、木霉属和无孢菌群,分别占总菌落数的21.54%、15.16%1、4.70%、12.20%、11.35%、7.86%和7.80%;室外空气真菌的种类在一天中基本没有变化,但菌落的数量有一定变化,总菌落数从早至晚也逐渐增加;不同季节室外真菌的种类和菌落数有明显变化,秋季最多,冬季最少;不同采样地点的空气真菌的种类变化不大,但菌落数量有差异,菌落数量依次为公路>林场>家属区。

An investigation on fungal types and their dynamic variation in outdoor environments was carried out in Harbin experimental forestry centre,schoolyard of Northeast Forestry University,and ring road.Within a 12-month period,1 296 petri dishes with RBC agar medium were exposed at these three different locations.The dishes yielded 9 908 colonies,and 49 strains of fungi were obtained after purification.49 strains of fungi were identified as 22 genera or groups.The most predominant genera were Cladosporium（21.54%）,Alternaria（15.16%）,Aspergillus（14.70%）,Penicillium（12.20%）,Epicoccum（11.35%）,Trichoderma（7.86%） and non-sporulating colonies（7.80%）.The kinds of fungi in outdoor air are basically the same all day.From morning to evening,the total number of colonies was gradually increasing.The types of fungi in outdoor air collected from different sampling locations had little differences,but the difference in the number of colonies was significant.The number of colonies was ring road〉Harbin experimental forestry centre〉schoolyard of Northeast Forestry University.