生命的无奈与希冀——杰克·伦敦《生命的法则》自然主义生命观形成探因

Helplessness and hope in one's life——How to develop naturalism viewpoint of life in the book The Law of Life by Jack London

自然主义在杰克·伦敦的短篇小说《生命的法则》中表现得非常清晰的。自然主义是一种思想观点,认为人类从出生到死亡,在外部力量和内部遗传力量的综合作用下,完成种族传递的使命。人同自然及生存过程的一切不利因素作斗争,过着艰辛的生活,进行着徒劳的挣扎。但是在徒劳的挣扎、注定的死亡和无可奈何之中又倾注了些许生命的希冀。自然主义观念的形成,与作家苦难的生活经历、悲观失望的生活态度以及弥漫当时的社会思潮密切相关。

Naturalism is very evident in Jack London＇s short novel the law of life.Naturalism is a literal trend based on Darwinism＇s influence on social life and writing—the jungle law;survival for the fittest,the most ruthless,with a belief that human being is controlled by heredity force and that of environment. unable to choose their own course,struggling all life long in vain because all life is destined to die.This article tries to tackle what causes the author to believe so but meanwhile he still shows some kind of hope by analyzing naturalism in this novel.