从乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区麻疹暴发看流动儿童的计划免疫工作

Programmed immunization of floating children based on the analysis on measles outbreak of Shuimogou District in Urumqi

目的:通过对乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区麻疹新发儿童病例进行流行病学分析,说明对流动儿童进行计划免疫(EPI)的必要性,并提出如何解决流动儿童计划免疫的问题。方法:对2008年乌鲁木齐市水磨沟区麻疹新发病例中流动儿童与常住儿童的麻疹发病率与麻疹疫苗接种率进行比较。结果:流动儿童在水磨沟区总人口中占很小比例,但在麻疹新发儿童病例中却占很大比例。经分析发现,流动儿童的计划免疫接种率低于常住儿童,是造成麻疹等儿童易感传染性疾病的最主要原因。结论:加强流动人口管理,消除流动人口中的免疫空白,提高流动儿童免疫接种率,是消除麻疹等儿童易感的传染性疾病的重要措施。

Objective：To demonstrate the necessity of programmed immunization among floating children by analyzing the new measles children of Shuimogou District in Urumqi epidemiologically,put forward a method to solve the problems of programmed immunization among floating children.Methods：The incidences of measles and inoculation rates of measles vaccine among floating children and resident children in Shuimogou District of Urumqi in 2008 were compared.Results：The proportion of floating children was low,but the floating children accounted for a large proportion of new children with measles;the inoculation rate of measles vaccine among floating children was significantly lower than that among resident children,which was the main reason of infectious diseases in susceptible children such as measles.Conclusion：The management of floating population should be enhanced,the immunization gaps should be eliminated,the vaccine inoculation rate among floating children should be increased,the above mentioned measures are important methods to eliminate infectious diseases among susceptible children.