传统水利规约对北方地区村民用水行为的影响——以山西“四社五村”为例

The Effect of Traditional Village Rules for the Modern Villagers' Behavior of Using Water Resources in North Areas——'Si She Wu Cun'in Shanxi Province as an Example

作为典型的北方旱作区,山西"四社五村"①在严重缺水的恶劣环境中,凭借着严格遵守和执行传统的带有高度节制、相互忍让精神的水利规约和用水伦理道德,加之当地民间水利组织因时制宜的变通以及"为了大我,牺牲小我"的奉献精神,以最小的用水代价换取了与缺水生态平衡的最高环境利益。这一个案展示了民间组织成功地利用历史遗产,尤其是精神层面的制约和引导,来管理水资源的文化传统,可以对现代北方地区乡村水资源管理包括村民的用水生活起到借鉴意义。

Depending on enforcing strictly the traditional village rules and morality of using water which contained a kind of high-restrained,mutual-tolerant spirit and the wisdom and self-sacrifice spirit of local water organization,Si She Wu Cun＇ obtained the highest environment benefits with a minimum cost of water resources in an extreme acid area.This case demonstrates that non-governmental organization how to manage successfully water resources with historical heritage,especially constraint and guidance in spirit level,and it could play a referential role for the management and using of water resources in modern north rural area.