民间傩仪式的空间特性与傩艺人人神角色的偏移——傩艺人身份的艺术人类学探究

The Spacial Traits of Nuo Ritual and The Shifting Role of Nuo Performers between Man and God——An Anthropological Study on the Identity of Nuo Ritual Performers

从民族文化传统的感知维度上来看,与时间对跳傩艺人之人神沟通者身份的具体内涵及身份转换的规约性相比,傩仪式独有的空间特性对傩艺人人神角色转换的规约性更深刻更凸显。在跳傩仪式中,傩艺人的身份因为仪式空间属性的规约也具有了空间性,角色的扮演也随着跳傩仪式空间属性的改变而发生偏移。当仪式空间属性神圣的时候,跳傩艺人体认到的是他们作为驱疫降福之神灵的意识;而当仪式空间属性世俗的时候,他们也能够从属神的意识回归到属人的意识,从而实现仪式过程中人神之间的互动,完成娱神娱人的仪式功能。也正是在人与神之角色的偏移和不同承担过程中,傩艺人人神沟通者身份的具体内涵才得以呈现,而傩神信仰于当地百姓日常生活和精神追求之间的深层关联也得到凸显。

From the perspective of Chinese culture tradition,the spacial traits peculiar to Nuo ritual has a more profound and prominent impact in affirming the ritual performers＇ identity and their changing roles between Man and God.In the ritual,the performers identity possess spacial traits,and their role play also changes with the change of the ritual＇s spacial traits.When the ritual space is sacred,the Nuo performers are able to realize the role of God driving away plagues and rendering blessings.As the ritual space is secular,they can also shift from the role of God to the role of Man.They can thus achieve the interaction between men and God,and complement the ritual＇s function of entertaining God and men.It is through this role changing and role assuming that the concrete connotation of the intermediary identity is thoroughly exposed,and the inner correlation between the local daily life and its corresponding spiritual pursuits is also underlined through Nuo belief.