现代汉语语文辞书释义的划界问题

The Inclusion and Exclusion of Entries and Definitions in Modern Chinese Dictionaries

现代汉语词典应当收录现代汉语使用的词语,说解现代汉语使用的意义。但在具体操作中存在划界的问题:一是历时的划界问题,包括:现代汉语中作为词义消失、作为语素义保留的情况,辞书中是否要收录;字面意义与词义距离很大的词语,是否需要做简明探源。二是共时的划界问题,包括:从语义角度讲,反映语言发展趋向的动态义,即言语(或语用)义,是否需要适当收录;从语法角度讲,那些由于词性(或语法功能)不同导致词义变化而形成的"词的功能义",是否需要关注。

Modern Chinese dictionary should include words in present-day language use and provide them with proper definitions.But there are always problems on the principles of inclusion： 1.Diachronic criteria： if a word needs to be included when it is not in active use but seen in some idiomatic usage.Also a decision has to be carefully made when the literal meaning and root meaning differs greatly;2.Synchronic criteria： those situation bound lexical meanings have to be considered;the lexical meanings originated from different grammatical functions have to be considered too.