并用释词的释义角色及其与被释词的语义对应关系——兼议《现汉》与并用释词相关的几个问题

The Roles of Parallel Defining Words and their Relation with the Defined Words

并用释词指词典中用于释义且被分号隔开的并列的两个(或多个)词。本文根据《现汉》并用释词在释义中的语义贡献和地位,将并用释词的释义角色归纳为独立、参半和主辅三大类。独立释义的并用释词与被释词的语义对应有叠合型、语境型和排他型,参半释义的并用释词与被释词的语义对应有互补型和交集型,主辅释义的并用释词与被释词的语义对应有补充型和限制型。此外,本文还对《现汉》中与并用释词相关的标点使用、义项分合、释义的准确性及括注信息的编排方式等问题提出一些建议。

Parallel defining words refer to the two parallel words that are separated by semicolon in the definitions of dictionaries.According to the contribution and position of parallel defining words in the definition of The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary,their defining roles could be summed up into three kinds： independent,cooperative and prime-subsidiary.The independent parallel defining words are synonymous with the defined word absolutely,contextually or mutually-exclusively.The cooperative parallel defining words explain the headword through mutual complementary or intersecting ways.The prime defining words of prime-subsidiary kinds can be supplemented or restricted by the subsidiary defining words.This article also offers some suggestion to The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary about using of punctuation,meaning separation and definition accuracy,etc.