从自然主义的附庸成长为存在主义的英雄——探析斯蒂芬·克莱恩《红色英勇勋章》中的成长主题

From the Naturnalism Subject to the Hero of Existentialism

斯蒂芬·克莱恩的代表作《红色英勇勋章》是以战争为背景的一部成长小说。并不宜简单地将其定位为某种主义的文学流派的产物,而是主人公从幼稚走向成熟的成长过程,起初他只是自然主义的附庸,在一次次的迷茫与抉择中,他渐渐在外力和自我的斗争中呈曲线地成长为一个存在主义的英雄,即意识到最大的恐惧来自于对自身怯懦和懦弱的恐惧而非死亡;忧郁和延宕于是否要打破当前本我的存在去塑造自我甚至是超我的存在的抉择中;最终在可为的范围内去塑造自我甚至是超我的存在。

The Red Badge of Courage,a masterpiece from Stephen Crane is a novel of initiation with a war set.It is not appropriate to attribute this work to one school but an initiating course of the hero from innocence to maturity. Initially he was nothing but a subject of naturalism.Then he kept suffering constant perplexity and dilemma in which he evolved to be a hero of existentialism out of conflicts between external surroundings and internal world.From then on,he began to be aware of that what was the most terrifying was one＇ s cowardice rather than death;he was haunted by a choice between leading an id life and ago or superego one;finally his choice lay with the latter one in his mind as well as practice.