春小麦水氮磷耦合产量效应研究

The Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Water Coupling on Spring Wheat Yield

【目的】重点研究水肥耦合效应对春小麦产量的影响,旨在为新疆春小麦合理水肥运筹提供技术支撑。【方法】运用312-D最优饱和设计方法,采用氮磷水三因素五水平试验设计进行水肥试验。【结果】氮肥对产量的作用最大,磷肥次之,水分最小;氮与磷对产量的提高有促进作用。水肥交互耦合效应大小顺序为:水磷耦合>氮磷耦合>水氮耦合;其中水磷耦合对产量的提高有促进作用,水氮耦合和氮磷耦合对产量的提高有相互替代作用。【结论】获得到了春小麦水肥管理优化方案,即:灌溉量5 380.5～5 992.2 m3/hm2、施氮量400.1～487.2 kg/hm2、施磷量195.6～249.2 kg/hm2,产量达到7 000～8 000 kg/hm2。

【Objective】 The effect of water and fertilizer coupling on spring wheat yield was researched to provide scientific support for rational application of water and fertilizer on spring wheat in Xinjiang.【Method】 The experiments used three factorial and five level arrangement of treatments with 312-D optimized saturation design to conduct the test.The factors were nitrogen,phosphorus and water.【Result】The results were that nitrogen was the chief factor to affect spring wheat yield,phosphorus was the second factor and irrigation quantity was the third factor.Among which,nitrogen and phosphorus had positive effects on improving the spring wheat yield.As for the effective of two factors coupling,the effect order was water and phosphorus couplingnitrogen and phosphorus couplingwater and nitrogen coupling.Among which water and phosphorus coupling had a stimulation role in increasing wheat yield,whereas nitrogen and phosphorus coupling and water and nitrogen coupling had mutual replacement role in increasing wheat yield.【Conclusion】The optimized scheme of water and fertilizer application on spring wheat is obtained,which is when the amount of irrigation water was between 5 380.5-5 992.2 m^3/hm^2, nitrogen was 400.1-487.2 kg/hm^2 and phosphorus was 195.6-249.2 kg/hm^2,the spring wheat yield could reach 7 000-8 000 kg/hm^2.