克拉玛依新垦土壤养分现状评价及培肥措施

Evaluation of Present Condition of Soil Nutrient of Newly Cultivated Farmland in Karamay City and Fertilization Measures

【目的】对克拉玛依农业开发区的1.13×104hm2(17万亩)168块条田进行土壤养分现状调查及评价,提出改良培肥措施。【方法】在新垦区内采集耕层土壤样品,采用《土壤农业化学常规分析方法》[1]、《新疆土壤分析方法标准》[2]分析土壤中大量养分和微量元素含量,并进行土壤养分现状评价和分级。【结果】大量元素中含量较低的有全氮、有机质、速效钾占到样本总数的70.70%～89.48%,含量极低的元素有速效氮、速效磷占到样本总数的35.91%～55.24%;微量元素中有效铁含量属较高水平,占到样本总数71.43%,有效铜含量属中等水平,占样本总数的96.43%,有效锌、有效硼、有效锰含量很低,占总样本数的89.29%～100%,达到稀缺程度。【结论】克拉玛依新垦土壤培肥地力的施肥措施,应遵循有机肥与无机肥配施,大量元素与微量元素相结合的原则。

【Objective】The investigation and analysis of the present condition of soil nutrient was conducted in 168 pieces of fields of 11 333.33 hectares in the agricultural development zone of Karamay city and the fertilization measures were put forward.【Method】Soil samples were collected in the newly cultivated farmland.The routine analysis method of agriculture chemistry in soil and analysis criterion in soil of Xinjiang were applied to analyze the content of macro-nutrient and microelement.The nutrient situation of soil was evaluated and classified.【Result】The low content of macro-elements includes total N,organic matter,available K,and they account for 70.70%-89.48% of total sample number;the lowest content of macro-element included available N and available P which accounts for 35.91%-55.24% of the total sample number;the content of available Fe is much more in microelement and accounts for 71.43% of total sample number;the content of available Cu is about medium level in microelement and accounts for 96.43% of total sample number;the content of available Zn,B,and Mn are the lowest and account for 89.29%-100% in total sample number that reach to the lack of intensity.【Conclusion】The fertilization measures for newly cultivated land in Karamay city should abide by the rule that combine organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer and macro-element with microelement.