大运河淮安段的修筑及其演进

The Construction and Evolvement of Huai'an Section of the Great Canal

公元前486年,吴王夫差开凿邗沟,淮安成为运河沿线的重要城市,是淮河下游地区重要的经济文化中心、交通枢纽和军事要冲。公元7世纪初,隋朝开凿了以洛阳为中心,西至长安、北到涿郡、南达余杭的南北大运河,淮安在黄河、淮河与长江,以至钱塘江间水运枢纽地位得到加强。元、明两朝定鼎北京,但粮秣、财赋及日用百货多仰赖江南,因而兴建并维修纵贯京师至杭州的南北大运河成为立朝之根本。淮安清口为黄淮运交汇处,成为漕运咽喉、治水重地,是康熙、乾隆南巡治水的重中之重,清口成为京杭大运河沿线工程最复杂、技术成就最高的水利枢纽。近代中国内外交困,大运河随之衰败。新中国成立以来,大运河被全面整治改造。

In 486 B.C,Huai＇an became an important city along the line of the Canal and was also the important center of economy and culture,the hinge of transportation and communications center of military affairs.In the early 7 B.C,Sui Dynasty,the Great Canal was excavated in Luoyang which spreads west to Chang＇an,north to Zhuojun,and south to Yuhang.Therefore,The water hinge position of Huai＇an was enhanced in the water transportation among the Yellow River,the Huai River and the Qiantang River.In both Yuan and Ming Dynasties Beijing was chosen as the capitals but they relied on Jiangnan the southern part of the Yangtze River for their grains and property.As a result,to build the Great Canal north from Beijing and south to Hangzhou became the fundamentality of establishing the dynasties.Qingkou of Huai＇an was the converging area of the Yellow River,the Huai River and the Canal,which became the vital hub of water transport and therefore was the first priority during the time when the emperor Qianlong went down the south of China to father water.Qingkou turned out to be the great hub of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal which was the most complicated and the highest technological project.The Great Canal had its decline in modern China due to the difficulties incurred from both home and abroad and has been completely renovated and constructed since the founding of New China.